Twenty five years after KLS: A celebration of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics

When Lenz proposed a simple model for phase transitions in magnetism, he couldn't have imagined that the "Ising model" was to become a jewel in field of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Its role spans the spectrum, from a good pedagogical example to a universality class in critical phenomena. A quarter century ago, Katz, Lebowitz and Spohn found a similar treasure. By introducing a seemingly trivial modification to the Ising lattice gas, they took it into the vast realms of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. An abundant variety of unexpected behavior emerged and caught many of us by surprise. We present a brief review of some of the new insights garnered and some of the outstanding puzzles, as well as speculate on the model's role in the future of non-equilibrium statistical physics.Comment: 3 figures. Proceedings of 100th Statistical Mechanics Meeting, Rutgers, NJ (December, 2008

Propuesta de alternativa para la pacificación del tránsito frente a la sede 13 (calle 47 entre las carreras 13 y 14) de la Universidad Católica de Colombia

Trabajo de investigaciónEste proyecto busca generar espacios seguros para los peatones, con el fin de reducir los accidentes de tránsito, que al año 2018 según datos del IDECA, en la intersección de la carrera 13 con calle 47 se establecieron en 13. Gracias a las diferentes alternativas de pacificación del tránsito que se encuentran disponibles en la actualidad, se ha logrado disminuir los accidentes de tránsito, es por esto, que en esta investigación se propone diseñar un paso a nivel sobre la calle 47 entre Carreras 13 y 14, con el fin de ampliar las vías peatonales basándose en la cartilla de andenes para Bogotá de la Secretaria Distrital De Planeación y el Decreto 327 del 2004. De igual manera se verifico el nivel de servicio actual del andén del costado norte y el nivel de servicio que se prestará con las alternativas propuestas, finalmente se llevó a cabo una simulación de la condición actual de movilidad del corredor con el fin de determinar cómo se comportara el corredor con la alternativa planteada en la investigación. Todas las conclusiones de la investigación se basan en mejorar las condiciones de movilidad peatonal con el fin de conseguir una movilidad más segura y que no represente conflicto entre los diferentes actores viales del corredor.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. ANTECEDENTES Y JUSTIFICACIÓN 2. PLANTEAMIENTO Y FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 3. OBJETIVOS 4. MARCO DE REFERENCIA 5. ALCANCES Y LIMITACIONES 6. METODOLOGÍA 7. VISITA DE CAMPO 8. INSPECCIÓN VISUAL DE SEGURIDAD 9. ESTUDIO DE LA ALTERNATIVA 10. DISEÑO DE LA ALTERNATIVA 11. MODELACIÓN EN PTV VISSIM 2020 VERSIÓN EDUCATIVA 12. CONCLUSIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANEXOSPregradoIngeniero Civi

The philosophy and practice of interpretivist research in entrepreneurship: Quality, validation and trust

Knowledge production in entrepreneurship requires inclusivity as well as diversity and pluralism in research perspectives and approaches. In this article, the authors address concerns about interpretivist research regarding validity, reliability, objectivity, generalizability, and communicability of results that militate against its more widespread acceptance. Following the nonfoundationalist argument that all observation is theory-laden, context specific, and that there are no external criteria against which to assess research design and execution and the data produced, the authors propose that quality must be internalized within the underlying research philosophy rather than something to be tested upon completion. This requires a shift from the notion of validity as an outcome to validation as a process. To elucidate this, they provide a guiding framework and present a case illustration that will assist an interpretivist entrepreneurship researcher to establish and demonstrate the quality of their work

Navigating the purchasing power gap in new product development in multinational corporations

Multinational corporations (MNCs) face a significant purchasing power gap of customers between developed and emerging economies. In R&D intensive industries making physical products, MNCs can benefit from economies of scale. Therefore, managers strive to achieve a product standardization–adaptation (S-A) balance when navigating the purchasing power gap. Through focusing on five MNCs headquartered in developed countries, I examined how MNCs can achieve such a balance through new product development (NPD). I found that (1) an S-A balance can be achieved through three NPD strategies (product simplification, product retaining, and reverse innovation); (2) managers need to take into account five key factors when choosing NPD strategies (product complexity, product modularity, brand strategy, position in local competition, and internal technical standards); and (3) the NPD strategies can be implemented through structural separation, temporal separation, and a shared value. This research reveals the complexity of achieving an S-A balance when managers navigate the purchasing power gap in NPD. Different NPD strategies have certain advantages and shortcomings. High product complexity and product modularity can serve as favorable conditions for a product simplification strategy. A brand strategy of leading-edge technologies can serve as an adverse condition for a product retaining strategy. Strong local competitors in emerging markets can be a motivation for a reverse innovation strategy, while stringent internal standards for safety can be an adverse condition. This research also reveals the nuances of implementation of NPD strategies in terms of managing innovation and refinement activities. MNCs may need temporal separation when adopting both downhill and uphill NPD strategies

Competition or collaboration – the tensions within the purchaser provider relationship in nurse education

Aims - To explore the nature of the relationship between purchasers and providers from the perspectives of the key individuals involved in healthcare education in the late 1990s. To discuss the lessons that can be learned for nursing from their experiences. Background - Although the findings illustrate experiences of individuals at a specific time, the issues that arise have implications for contemporary health care, as contract use is increasing and, with the introduction of foundation trusts, contracts may replace Service Level Agreements. Method The design was qualitative and the methods used were policy analysis and interviews. Interviews were conducted with a national, purposive sample of 70 participants. Results - The key finding was the amount of variation in effectiveness of relationships. Many purchasers and providers formed strong partnerships but a number had fraught relationships – a situation perceived as detrimental to productive working. A significant issue for current healthcare was the reasons why relationships worked well in some institutions and were ineffective in others. Conclusions - There are a number of key lessons that can be learned about the nature of the relationship between purchasers and providers and applied to contemporary health care. Notably: • the value of clear policy aims; • the importance of context and history in shaping the relationship; • the necessity of ensuring that individuals involved have the ability and commitment to make the relationship work; • the need to view the contracting relationship as a dynamic �project� that must be worked on; • the value of sharing good practice